The use of the cross as the Christian symbol is well illustrated by a collection shown which contains examples of almost all the different and complex forms to which it has been adapted.

The Archiepiscopal processional cross is borne before an Archbishop carried by one of his chaplains. The custom of carrying a cross at the head of an ecclesiastical procession can be traced back to the end of the 4th century.

The pectoral cross forms part of the recognised insignia of a Roman Catholic Bishop and is worn by him over his robes. This custom appeared about the 16th century.

As a personal ornament the cross came into common use and was usually worn suspended by a chain from the neck. Cruciform reliquaries were also worn as personal ornaments. A well-known example was the reliquary found on the body of St. Cuthbert.

A large selection of pendant crosses and chains is exhibited and include many beautiful examples with settings of precious stones and chains of large interlocking links. Also included are silver filigree crosses - one a Maltese cross with garnet and turquoise settings; a gold crucifix with settings of garnets for nails, an Irish Archbishop's cross and ring and many other crosses of fine workmanship and striking design. Again some of the finest examples of this workmanship were stolen in 1980.

Religious

Penal Crosses